Therapist self-disclosure in relational psychotherapy

Abstract

In recent decades, therapist self-disclosure has gained recognition as a therapeutic intervention across various psychotherapeutic modalities. However, implementing this intervention ethically and effectively, while prioritizing the client's well-being and strengthening the therapeutic relationship, poses significant challenges. This paper introduces ethical guidelines for appropriate self-disclosure and presents a decision-making tool called the Decision Wheel, which helps therapists determine the suitability of self-disclosure in specific therapeutic situations.

Additionally, this study presents research findings on therapists' attitudes and experiences with self-disclosure, involving thirty relational couples and family therapists. The therapists completed a structured questionnaire, providing both qualitative and quantitative data. The results indicate that relational therapists primarily disclose interpersonal content, specifically their experiences related to the client, as it aligns with their therapeutic approach. They are less inclined to disclose intrapersonal content, such as personal information or experiences, to maintain therapeutic boundaries. Therapists selectively employ self-disclosure when they believe it will be most beneficial for the client's progress. The purpose of self-disclosure is to assist the client, enhance the therapeutic relationship, and facilitate the therapeutic process. The decision to use self-disclosure is influenced by client-related factors, the therapeutic relationship, the therapist's own judgment, and the ongoing therapeutic process. The study also highlights ethical considerations therapists encounter when deciding on self-disclosure and explores experiences across different types of therapy (individual, couples, family, group). Furthermore, it underscores the vital role of therapeutic training and supervision in developing an appropriate stance towards utilizing self-disclosure.